The Khilafah and Mahdi
1- The work for the
establishment of the Islamic state, the Khilafah state, which is the executive
entity for the rules of Islam and which is a general leadership over all
Muslims to govern by Islam internally and to convey it to the rest of the world
by Dawah and jihad, this work is a great duty (Fardh) whose obligation has been
proven in the Book (the Quran), the Sunnah and the consensus of the Sahabah
(r.a). No one would say otherwise except that who is deaf, for he is deaf of
the shariah law as Imam al-Qurtubi (Rahimahu Allah) said. The obligation must
have a method for performing it; otherwise, the person is sinful. And the
obligation in Shariah is not waited to happen, but is worked for it as the
Shara’ ordered, whereas the results are in the hands of Allah Almighty.
2-
The method for an obligation (Fardh) comes from the Shariah in the fixed way of
how to perform it. For example, performing Zakat means taking out 2.5% of the
money after reaching the quorum (Nisab) and a year has passed over it. And establishing
the prayer (Salat) is by the method in which we perform prayer. Similarly, the
method for the obligation of establishing the Khilafah is determined by the
Shar’a which is the method of the Prophet ﷺ
in his establishment of the first Islamic state in Medina.
3-
Such an obligation is not carried out in a method other than its Shari
legitimate method. He who prayed, fasted and performed Hajj and Zakat had
removed these obligations from his neck, but he had not done so for this Fardh
(of establishing the Khilafah). Just as paying Zakat does not avail performing
the prayer, also performing all the duties does not avail the establishment of
the Khilafah except in its legitimate method. And just as jihad does not avail
prayer, it also does not avail the establishment of the Khilafah.
4-
The legitimate method of the Khilafah is the method of the Prophet ﷺ in the establishment of Dar al
Islam in Medina, and whoever has an evidence for other than this method of
work, let him bring it forth on the condition that the method is from the Book of Allah and the
Sunnah of His Prophet ﷺ
and not according to the whims. And whoever says Khilafah is obligatory
(Fardh), then the argument necessitates him to work for it.
5–
Khilafah, when it is established, will be in one country and then it will
expand, for it will not be established once in all countries. It is a state
that implements the Shar’ law and carries it to the world whatever its name is
or the title of its ruler, for the problem is not in its name or the title of
its ruler. So, let him be called a Khaleefah, a President, an Imam or Ameer al
Muamineen, for what matters is the method of governance, the life systems and
achieving the conditions of legitimacy in the country where the Islamic state
is established.
6-
Khilafah will not descend on the wings of the angels, but there will be people
who will establish it. It is the issue of the Ummah and not a divine right of a
particular person, and this means that the work for Khilafah is obligatory and
necessary.
7-
Imam al-Mahdi, if he is the one who establishes the Khilafah, then he is a
person and will not be printed on his forehead that he is the Khaleefah. People
will not know that he is the one concerned except upon his ruling by Islam and
his good application of it to achieve justice that lifts injustice. People will
not be submissive to him just like that, for the people denied who is better
than him, our dear Prophet Muhammad ﷺ,
and he is not more honourable to Allah than the Prophet. Rather, there must be
awareness
among the Ummah and cohesion of the people of strength and power to support
him.
8–
Shara’ did not relate the provisions of Islam to the presence of a specific
person; this is a disruption of the Deen and the Shar’ such as saying that the
establishment of the duty of Khilafah and the application of religion is
related to the emergence of Mahdi, but before that, they are not duties!!
Therefore, we are working for the duty until we acquit ourselves of sin even if
Imam Mahdi is the one who will establish it, for we are meant to work for it
and not to search for al- Mahdi. Our issue is not the search for someone who is
fit for Khilafah while it has not been established yet; the issue is building a
state and reviving a nation, so by Allah, do these reliant thoughts revive the
Ummah?
9-
The reliance on the unseen and leaving the work required by the Shar’i are not
permissible in Islam. Nothing has lost Muslims but the metaphysical fatalism
that made them fail to do what they should. So, has our thinking become like
that of the superficial and the dervishes?! Were it not these irresponsible
ideas that contributed to the elimination of the Ottomani Khilafah?!
10–
It is also stipulated in the Usul that Hadeeth reports (Akhbar) that do not
include an indication (Qareena) to indicate a command, they remain mere Akhbar
that do not require doing any action, and the authentic Ahadeeth of the Mahdi
did not include any Qareena to indicate a command except following al-Mahdi and
his obedience and this is subject to his appearance.
11-
There is a Hadeeth of the Holy Prophet that shows that al-Mahdi will come after
the death of a Khaleefah, and this means that the Khilafah will be established
before al-Mahdi and that he is not the one who establishes it initially, it was
narrated by Umm Salamah (r.a) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«يَكُونُ اخْتِلَافٌ عِنْدَ مَوْتِ خَلِيفَةٍ فَيَخْرُجُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، فَيَأْتِي مَكَّةَ، فَيَسْتَخْرِجُهُ النَّاسُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ وَهُوَ كَارِهٌ فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ، فَيُجَهَّزُ إِلَيْهِ جَيْشٌ مِنَ الشَّامِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ خُسِفَ بِهِمْ، فَيَأْتِيهِ عَصَائِبُ الْعِرَاقِ وَأَبْدَالُ الشَّامِ، وَيَنْشَأُ رَجُلٌ بِالشَّامِ، وَأَخْوَالُهُ كَلْبٌ فَيُجَهَّزُ إِلَيْهِ جَيْشٌ، فَيَهْزِمُهُمُ اللَّهُ، فَتَكُونُ الدَّبْرَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَذَلِكَ يَوْمُ كَلْبٍ، الْخَائِبُ: مَنْ خَابَ مِنْ غَنِيمَةِ كَلْبٍ، فَيَسْتَفْتِحُ الْكُنُوزَ، وَيُقِسِّمُ الْأَمْوَالَ، وَيُلْقِي الْإِسْلَامُ بِجِرَانِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَيَعِيشُ بِذَلِكَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ أَوْ قَالَ: تِسْعَ سِنِينَ»
“Disagreement
will occur at the death of a Khaleefah, and a man of Bani Hashim will flee to
Makkah and some of the people of Makkah will come to him and will bring him out
against his will, and they will pledge allegiance to him between the corner
(Black Stone) and the Maqam. An army will be sent against him from
Ash-Shaam, which will be swallowed up by the earth in Al-Baida. When the people
see that, the devoted worshippers (Abdaal) from Ash-Shaam and the best people
(Asaa’ib) from Al-Iraq will come to him and pledge allegiance to him. Then there
will arise a man in Ash-Sham whose maternal uncles belong to Kalb and send
against them an expeditionary force which will be overcome by them, and that is
the expedition of Kalb. The real loser will be the one who does not receive the
booty of Kalb. He will divide the wealth and Islam will become established on
earth and he will remain for seven years, or he ﷺ said nine years.” (Reported by al-Tabarani in
al-Awsat, and al-Haythami mentioned it in Majma’ al-Zawaid , and said, “the
transmitters are sound and authentic.”)
The
narrators of the hadeeth and its commentary agree that the Khaleefah mentioned
in this hadeeth is al-Mahdi. For at the beginning of the hadeeth, he ﷺ said: «اخْتِلَافٌ عِنْدَ مَوْتِ خَلِيفَةٍ» “Disagreement will occur at the death of a Khaleefah”, meaning that the Khilafah
exists before the appearance of Imam Mahdi.
The
word “Khaleefah” in the previous hadeeth has a legitimate term that cannot be
passed away except by an indication (Qareena). And this legitimate term makes
the meaning of the Khaleefah to be the ruler who assumes the general presidency
over all Muslims by a legitimate allegiance (Bay’ah) given by them to rule by
Islam and to carry it to the world by Dawah and jihad. It is not true what some
people argue that the death of the Khaleefah means the death of a ruler of
today’s rulers who do not rule by Islam and have no legitimate allegiance nor a
general presidency over Muslims.
12-
Waiting delays the emergence of the Khilafah and gives thousands of
opportunities for the oppressors and the disbelievers to undermine Islam and
its people. Thus, the Kuffar, the hypocrites and the oppressors support the
idea that Khilafah will only be during the time of al-Mahdi, and this is a
sedating and misleading concept that sedates many Muslims both Shiites and
Sunnis!!
The
Shiites are waiting for him to leave the basement and some Sunnis are waiting
for his appearance between the corner and the Maqam!!! Therefore, whoever does
not stand up for this duty, brings to the disbelievers – whether knowingly or
not – a service that they have always worked to perpetuate among Muslims, and
he contributes to the assertion that secularism is the solution, rather, he
even follows their words that Khilafah is a religious state and its position is
divine!!
There
are Prophetic Ahadeeth that have been received to indicate that Khilafah will
be on the methodology of the Prophethood and that it will be, by Allah’s
permission, and it necessitates believing in it. Among these Ahadeeths:
1-
Thawban (r.a) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ زَوَى لِي الْأَرْضَ، فَرَأَيْتُ مَشَارِقَهَا وَمَغَارِبَهَا، وَإِنَّ أُمَّتِي سَيَبْلُغُ مُلْكُهَا مَا زُوِيَ لِي مِنْهَا…» “Allah drew the ends of the world near one another for my sake.
And I have seen its eastern and western ends. And the dominion of my Ummah
would reach those ends which have been drawn near me…” (Narrated by Muslim, Ahmad,
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah). The words of the hadeeth: «وَإِنَّ أُمَّتِي سَيَبْلُغُ مُلْكُهَا مَا زُوِيَ لِي مِنْهَا» “And the dominion of my Ummah would reach those ends which have
been drawn near me …” have not been achieved so
far, since Muslims have not yet owned the eastern and the western ends of the
land, and this will be in the future, referring to the establishment of a
Muslim state to open the eastern and the western ends of the land.
2-
On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar (r.a)that he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah«إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ بِالعِينَةِ، وَأَخَذْتُمْ أَذْنَابَ البَقَرِ، وَرَضِيتُمْ بِالزَّرْعِ، وَتَرَكْتُمُ الجِهَادَ، سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ذُلًّا لَا يَنْزِعُهُ حَتَّى تَرْجِعُوا إِلَى دِينِكُمْ» “If you are conducting business, holding the ears of your oxen and
are satisfied by engaging in farming whilst you have abandoned the performance
of Al-Jihaad, then Allah will make disgrace and humiliation dominate over you
and this will not be removed until you return to your Deen” (Narrated by Abu Dawood). The saying: «حَتَّى تَرْجِعُوا إِلَى دِينِكُمْ» “until you return to your Deen” means to return to work by it and its arbitration in your life
affairs. Thus, it is a glad tidings of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that Muslims will return to their
Deen after they have left its arbitration.
3-
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Qaabeel that he said: We were with
‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas and he was asked which city will be conquered
first: Constantinople or Rome? So ‘Abdullaah called for a sealed trunk and he
said, “Take out a book from it” Then ‘Abdullaah said: «بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ حَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَكْتُبُ، إِذْ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: أَيُّ الْمَدِينَتَيْنِ تُفْتَحُ أَوَّلًا: قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةُ أَوْ رُومِيَّةُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: مَدِينَةُ هِرَقْلَ تُفْتَحُ أَوَّلًا يَعْنِي قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ» “While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ writing, the Messenger of Allah
ﷺ was asked, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked which of the two cities will be opened first
Constantinople or Rome? He ﷺ said: “The city of Hercules
will be opened first”, meaning
Constantinople.” (Reported by Ahmad).
The
Messenger ﷺ,
when asked about the opening of the two cities of Constantinople and Rome, the
capital of Italy, he did not deny the conquest of Rome, but said that
Constantinople will be opened first. This indicates that Rome will be opened after it. And since
Rome is not opened by Muslims until today, this hadith gives glad tiding for
the Muslims that they will open the capital of Italy, and it is not imagined
that the Muslims will open it without the return of the Khilafah which resume
jihad for the sake of Allah and the opening of countries.
4-
Nu’man bin Bashir narrated on the authority of Hudhayfah (r.a) who said: The
Messenger of Allah ﷺ
said: «تَكُونُ النُّبُوَّةُ فِيكُمْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ خِلَافَةٌ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ، فَتَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا عَاضًّا، فَيَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا جَبْرِيَّةً، فَتَكُونُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ خِلَافَةٌ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ ثُمَّ سَكَتَ». “Prophethood will last with you for as long as Allah wants it to
last. Then there will be Khilafah according to the Method of Prophethood, and
things will be as Allah wishes them to be. Then Allah will end it if He wishes
to end it. Then there will be hereditary rule, and things will be as Allah
wishes them to be. Then Allah will end it if He wishes to end it. Then there
will be an oppressive rule, and things will be as Allah wishes them to be. Then
Allah will end it if He wishes to end it. Then there will be a Khilafah
according to the method of Prophethood.” Then he ﷺ fell silent”
This
hadeeth indicates that the Khilafah will be established after the hereditary
and the oppressive rules and that it will be on the method of the Prophethood.
That is, it was described by what the Khilafah at the times of the righteous
Khulafaa was described, and so it will be, with Allah’s permission, Khilafah
Rashidah (righteous Caliphate) on the method of the Prophethood.
Thus,
Khilafah is obligatory by the Shariah, it was a reality and had filled the
history. And the West fears its return and tries to delay it. So, how the
Western research centers are aware of its proximity and that the Ummah is
marching on its way, while the Muslims are oblivious or frustrated. By Allah,
we should not stay away from the work so we will be perished upon evidence.
Our
Lord, let not our hearts deviate after You have guided us and grant us from
Yourself mercy. Indeed, You are the Bestower.
Our
Lord, grant us what You promised us through Your messengers and do not disgrace
us on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, You do not fail in [Your] promise, and
may Allah’s blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, his family, and Companions.
Abdul
Mu’min Az-Zayla’i
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